pygame自動生成迷宮遊戲製作

我的迷宮遊戲小實作

最近在玩 Python，順便自己做了一個迷宮遊戲，用的是 Pygame。基本概念是這樣的：我畫一個格子地圖，每個格子都有牆，然後用程式隨機生成通路，玩家就要從左上角走到右下角。

程式裡我設定了畫面大小、格子數量和每格的尺寸，還有顏色設定：牆是黑色、路是白色、玩家是紅色、終點是綠色，完成遊戲會跳出黃色的「MISSION COMPLETE!」。

每個格子都是一個 Cell 類別物件，它有牆的資訊和是否被走過的標記。生成迷宮用的是 深度優先搜尋（DFS），簡單說就是從起點一路隨機走，遇到死路就回到上一格再試其他路，直到整個格子都走過。

玩家可以用方向鍵移動，但如果前面有牆就不能走。每次畫面更新，程式會重繪整個迷宮、玩家和終點。如果到達終點就顯示完成訊息。

這個小遊戲對我來說很好玩，也練到了程式邏輯、物件導向概念和 Pygame 畫圖的方法。下一步想試試加計時、計分，甚至做成自動解迷的功能。

這是我的程式碼：

import pygame

import sys

import random

SCREEN_WIDTH = 1000

SCREEN_HEIGHT = 750

FPS = 30

COLS, ROWS = 40, 30

CELL_SIZE = min(SCREEN_WIDTH // COLS, SCREEN_HEIGHT // ROWS)

PLAYER_SIZE = max(1, (CELL_SIZE * 2) // 3)

WALL_COLOR = (0, 0, 0)

PATH_COLOR = (255, 255, 255)

PLAYER_COLOR = (255, 0, 0)

GOAL_COLOR = (0, 255, 0)

WIN_TEXT_COLOR = (255, 255, 0)

class Cell:

def __init__(self, x, y, cell_size):

self.x, self.y = x, y

self.cell_size = cell_size

self.walls = {'top': True, 'right': True, 'bottom': True, 'left': True}

self.visited = False

def draw(self, screen):

x, y = self.x * self.cell_size, self.y * self.cell_size

line_thickness = max(1, self.cell_size // 15)

if self.walls['top']:

pygame.draw.line(screen, WALL_COLOR, (x, y), (x + self.cell_size, y), line_thickness)

if self.walls['right']:

pygame.draw.line(screen, WALL_COLOR, (x + self.cell_size, y), (x + self.cell_size, y + self.cell_size), line_thickness)

if self.walls['bottom']:

pygame.draw.line(screen, WALL_COLOR, (x + self.cell_size, y + self.cell_size), (x, y + self.cell_size), line_thickness)

if self.walls['left']:

pygame.draw.line(screen, WALL_COLOR, (x, y + self.cell_size), (x, y), line_thickness)

def remove_walls(current, next_cell):

dx = current.x - next_cell.x

if dx == 1:

current.walls['left'] = False

next_cell.walls['right'] = False

elif dx == -1:

current.walls['right'] = False

next_cell.walls['left'] = False

dy = current.y - next_cell.y

if dy == 1:

current.walls['top'] = False

next_cell.walls['bottom'] = False

elif dy == -1:

current.walls['bottom'] = False

next_cell.walls['top'] = False

def get_neighbors(cell, grid, COLS, ROWS):

neighbors = []

moves = [(0, -1), (1, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 0)]

for dx, dy in moves:

nx, ny = cell.x + dx, cell.y + dy

if 0 <= nx < COLS and 0 <= ny < ROWS and not grid[ny][nx].visited:

neighbors.append(grid[ny][nx])

return neighbors

def generate_maze(grid, COLS, ROWS):

stack = []

current_cell = grid[0][0]

current_cell.visited = True

stack.append(current_cell)

while stack:

current_cell = stack[-1]

neighbors = get_neighbors(current_cell, grid, COLS, ROWS)

if neighbors:

next_cell = random.choice(neighbors)

remove_walls(current_cell, next_cell)

next_cell.visited = True

stack.append(next_cell)

else:

stack.pop()

pygame.init()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))

pygame.display.set_caption(f"Maze Game")

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

font_large = pygame.font.Font(None, 100)

grid = [[Cell(x, y, CELL_SIZE) for x in range(COLS)] for y in range(ROWS)]

generate_maze(grid, COLS, ROWS)

grid_x, grid_y = 0, 0

game_won = False

running = True

while running:

for event in pygame.event.get():

if event.type == pygame.QUIT:

running = False

if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:

running = False

if not game_won and event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:

px, py = grid_x, grid_y

if event.key == pygame.K_UP and not grid[py][px].walls['top']: py -= 1

elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN and not grid[py][px].walls['bottom']: py += 1

elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT and not grid[py][px].walls['left']: px -= 1

elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT and not grid[py][px].walls['right']: px += 1

if 0 <= px < COLS and 0 <= py < ROWS:

grid_x, grid_y = px, py

if grid_x == COLS - 1 and grid_y == ROWS - 1:

game_won = True

screen.fill(PATH_COLOR)

for row in grid:

for cell in row:

cell.draw(screen)

goal_rect = pygame.Rect((COLS - 1) * CELL_SIZE, (ROWS - 1) * CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE)

pygame.draw.rect(screen, GOAL_COLOR, goal_rect)

player_size = PLAYER_SIZE

player_rect_x = grid_x * CELL_SIZE + (CELL_SIZE - player_size) // 2

player_rect_y = grid_y * CELL_SIZE + (CELL_SIZE - player_size) // 2

player_rect = pygame.Rect(player_rect_x, player_rect_y, player_size, player_size)

pygame.draw.rect(screen, PLAYER_COLOR, player_rect)

if game_won:

text = font_large.render("MISSION COMPLETE!", True, WIN_TEXT_COLOR)

text_rect = text.get_rect(center=(SCREEN_WIDTH // 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT // 2))

screen.blit(text, text_rect)

pygame.display.flip()

clock.tick(FPS)

pygame.quit()

sys.exit()